Vascular Dementia

Second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s
Caused by damage to blood vessels that feed the brain
Gradual decline in memory and functioning, characterized by alternating periods of stable symptoms followed by dramatic decline
Worsening of symptoms are often due to small strokes
Large strokes can cause vision changes or numbness and weakness in one part of the body
May be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body dementia, in which case the dementia is called “mixed”

Symptoms can vary widely depending on where the damaged blood vessels are and how much brain tissue is supplied by them
Memory loss may or may not be significant
Impaired judgement and planning
Declining ability to focus attention
Difficulty finding words
Delusions
Uncontrolled laughing or crying

Assessment through review of medical history and medications, observations during the appointment, and interviews with family or close friends
Physical and neurological exam, including memory test and depression screen
Lab studies, including blood count and glucose, thyroid, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D levels
Possible CT scan of the head, MRI of the brain, and carotid ultrasound

Currently there is no cure; research is ongoing
Memory medications can lessen the symptoms and improve quality of life
Strict adherence to medications for cardiovascular health, including blood pressure medications and statins
Engaging in healthy lifestyle activities such as exercise, a Mediterranean diet, new socializations, limiting alcohol, and stopping smoking